Abstract: Biotechnology is a technique that uses living organisms and their cellular, subcellular and molecular components to produce or modify a product of commercial significance. The technology can also be used to develop a microorganism which can be used industrially. Thus biotechnology finds varied applications such as in medical and pharmaceutical sciences, agriculture, food science, environmental improvement and in forensic science. But the most spectacular and beneficial results for human beings which have occurred from the advances made during the last two decades by biotechnology are in the area of medicine and pharmaceuticals. As per survey carried out in 1998 by Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, there are 350 new biotechnology produced medicines in various developmental stages and 140 pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are engaged in testing biotech products. Of the 350 medicines, 151 products are for cancer related conditions, 29 are for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 36 for other infections diseases, 28 are for the treatment of heart disease, and 20 products are under development of respiratory disease. Biotechnology produced human insulin, growth hormone and erythropoietin are the glaring examples of therapeutic agents in use.
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