Iontophoresis: "Noninvasive" Electronically Controlled Technology

Abstract: Iontophoresis is used to enhance the flux of drugs across the skin by applying a small electric current which forces ionized species of drug into the skin. If the drug is polar or ionic, then its delivery by any route is very difficult. Topical and systemic application of iontophoresis are receiving increased attention because they enable noninvasive and controlled administration of drugs for their systemic effect. It is a noninvasive therapy gaining considerable attention among anesthesiologists, pediatricians, ophthalmologist, dermatologist, orthopedic surgeons, burn specialists, and the dental community. It has been extensively explored as a potential means for delivering peptides and other hydrophilic, ionized, acid labile or unstable products of biotechnology for transdermal and ocular route The focus of this review is to put different perspective and relate them to the drug and skin model system being investigated and discuss various applications, electrical properties of skin and components of iontophoretic assembly.

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