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Abstract: The effect of root extracts (methanol
and water) of Tectona grandis Linn. f. (Verbenaceae) on
inflammation was evaluated in an experimental model.
Treatment with aqueous extract and methanol extract 500
mg/kg p.o. dose level showed more effect on inflammation
as compared with the dose level of 250mg/kg p.o.
Differences between means were assessed by one way
analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett’s test
using sigma stat software. Both the extracts (methanol
and water) significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the
development of paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats
at the dose level of 500mg/kg. Phytochemical tests
showed that methanol and water extracts tested positive
for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, alkaloids,
glycosides, flavonoids, sterols and saponins.
Introduction
Plant and plant extracts have been used since the dawn
of civilization by man. The use of ethno botanical
preparations for various reasons justified or not, is
still continued by various cultures around the world.1
One approach to discover newer anti-inflammatory agents
is to search for their presence in natural sources.
Tectona grandis Linn. f. (Verbenaceae) is a well known
for its high grade timber. A large to very large
deciduous tree having height up to 35 meters; bark
having brown or grey colour and shallow longitudinal
furrows; Leaves simple, opposite, broadly ellipical or
obovate, acute or acuminate, coriaceous, possessing
minute glandular dots; Flowers white, many, small,
having pleasant smell, in large erect terminal branched
tomentase cymase bladder like calyx; seeds usually,
ovate, marble white. Roots are useful in the treatment
of urinary system related troubles. According to Unani-system
of medicine, the oil from flower is hair promoter and
useful in scabies. Wood is good for headache,
biliousness, burning sensation and pain and liver
related troubles. It allays thirst and possesses
anthelmintic and expectorant properties. Khan M.R. and
Mlungwana M.S. were isolated a new compound 5-
hydroxylapachol along with the known constituents
lapachol, dehydro-lapachone, methyl quinizarin and
squalene from the root heart wood of T. grandis. Both
compounds were found to be cytotoxic to artemia saline
(brine shrimp) with a LC50 of 5 ppm. Lapachol was also
reported to have anti-ulcer activity. Lack of scientific
data with respect to the pharmacological properties of
the root of Tectona grandis Linn. f. encouraged for the
evaluation of for anti-inflammatory activity. The effect
of the extract was also compared with the standard drug
viz. Ibuprophen.
Inflammation
Inflammation is a local response of living mammalian
tissues to injury. It is a body defense reaction in
order to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious
agent. There are various components to an inflammatory
reaction that can contribute to the associated symptoms
and tissue injury. Edema formation, leukocyte
infiltration and granuloma formation represent such
components of inflammation.
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