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Abstracts: Nanoscience and its emerging
technologies are expected to bring a fundamental change
in manufacturing in the next few years and will have an
enormous impact on life sciences, including drug
delivery, diagnostics, nutraceuticals and production of
biomaterials. Nanotechnology is regarded as one of the
key technologies of the future and associated with high
expectations by politics, science and economy. These are
particles, layers or tubes – of less than 100 nanometers
(nm) in at least one dimension. Artificially produced
nano-sized particles and nanoscale system components
have new properties, which are of importance for the
development of new products and applications. Such new
properties of materials and substances result from the
special properties of surfaces and interfaces and in
part, from the geometric shape of the material.
Nanotechnology will have a strong influence on essential
industries such as the automotive, chemical and more
prominently the pharmaceutical industries, medicine and
biotechnology. In the coming decades, Nanotechnology
development may increase the efficiency of resources and
improve the overall performance of environmental
protection. Nanotechnologies are very likely the future
of pharmaceutical science. Manufacturers are already
incorporating nano-scale particles into hundreds of
consumer products. Products as diverse as topical
lotions, house paint, and stain-proof clothing already
contain nanoparticles. Future nano-engineering
techniques are likely to produce hybrid combinations of
nano-sized chemical-biological and chemical-mechanical
substances.
Nanotechnology: Significant Applications
Nanotechnology involves number of innovative
developments in different technological fields and for a
number of applications and branches of industry.
Although the development and market penetration of many
nanotechnological methods and products are still at a
very early stage. The spectrum of nanoscale materials
ranges from inorganic and organic nanoparticles, which
may be present singly in aggregates or as powder, also
in dispersed or emulsified form in a matrix, to
nanocolloids, nanotubes and nanolayers and the so-called
fullerenes constituting complex organic molecules. From
the angles of health protection, it has to be taken into
account that nanoparticles are either firmly embedded in
a matrix or used in free form. No information has been
available so far on the release of originally firmly
embedded nanoparticles from products due to ageing or
degradation processes.
Major application of Nanotechnology in the
pharmaceutical arena involves:
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Catalysis for e.g. Titanium oxide and zinc oxide
particles as UV absorbers in sun blockers; Gold
particles as markers in medicine and for biological
rapid assays; and Aluminium oxide particles as a
porous base layer for catalytic motor-vehicle
exhaust gas converters. Carbon particles of current
economic relevance include carbon black and special
carbon blacks used for example as fillers in rubber
and as pigments (toner).
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In analysis and diagnostics, targeted transport of
active substances (drug delivery systems),
biocompatible artificial implants.
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Organic nanoparticles such as polymer nanoparticles
and nanotechnology-based active substances (such as
pharmaceuticals) may optimize the physiological
activity of e.g. pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, plant
protection products, or foods and the technical
properties of substances, for example in paints and
printing inks.
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