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Abstract: Obesity is an abnormal growth of the
adipose tissue due to enlargement of fat cell size or
increase in fat cell number or both. It is now the most
common nutritional disorder. 97 million adults in this
country are obese, representing 31.3 percent of men and
34.7 percent of women. Treatment of obesity accounts for
5 to 7 percent of total health care costs annually. The
causes of obesity are complex, but a combination of
behavioral, genetic, hormonal, economic and
environmental factors play important role in origin and
progression of disease. The current paper review
classical and newer anti obesity drugs, obesity surgery
and natural ingredients as anti-obesity drugs.
Introduction
Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. It may
be defined as an abnormal growth of the adipose tissue
due to enlargement of fat cell size ( hypertrophic) or
increase in fat cell number (hyper plastic obesity) or
both. It is now the most common nutritional disorder in
western industrialized countries, body mass index (BMI)
of 25 to 29.9 is considered as overweight. BMI of 30 or
greater is considered as obese. Increased BMI is linked
with a greater risk of coronary heart disease,
hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, non insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus and certain cancers. The causes of
obesity are complex, but a combination of behavioral,
genetic, hormonal, economic and environmental factors
play important role in origin and progression of
disease.
The World Health Organization has formulated an index
for defining obesity, known as the body mass index
(BMI), it is based on the patient's height in meters and
weight in kilograms: BMI = weight in kilograms / height
in meters2 (Figure 1). This classification works for all
patients except those at the extremes of height or
muscle mass, where body proportions affect the
calculation.4
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