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Abstract
Nanomedicine includes the application of nanotechnology
in medical sciences. Nanoparticles of dimensions ranging
between 1-100 nm are used as diagnostic tools,
therapeutics and biomedical research tools. These
readily penetrates cell than larger molecules, thus can
be used in drug delivery. With the use of nanoparticles
it is now possible to deliver drug at molecular level
which could help in the treatment of disease like
cancer. In contrast to micromolecules, nanoparticles are
readily taken up by cells and therefore, could be
conveniently used as drug delivery systems. These
nanosystems offer greater advantage over conventional
drugs as they have specific drug action, improved
efficacy and low propensity to cause adverse drug
reactions. For therapeutic purpose, drugs can either be
integrated in the matrix of the particle or attached to
the particle surface. Nanosystems with different
constituents and biological properties have been
substantially investigated for drug and gene delivery
applications. Besides its therapeutic use, engineered
nanoparticles, nanodevices or nanomaterials are
frequently used as diagnostic tools to monitor
progression of disease or drug-induced repair mechanism
in human biological systems. The diagnostic tools with
higher degree of sensitivity could help early detection
of the disease. Nanotechnology has also been used to
regenerate tissue, cell culture, biosensor for early
detection of disease and other tools in the field of
biotechnology. Various nanocarriers being developed are
nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, liposomes, nanotubes,
nanowires, quantum dots, nanoprobes, dendimers, ceramic
nanoparticles etc.
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