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Introduction: About 5 lakh women die in pregnancy or
during child birth every year throughout the globe.
About 10 million children die before their fifth
birthday and nearly 40% at the first month of their
life. But evidence shows that at least 6 million of
these lives can be saved each year with proven, cost
effective interventions. A recent press release by
Lancet indicates that ‘improvement of health facilities
and better access to drugs via community health workers
and village volunteers, could potentially mean 60,000
fewer maternal deaths across Africa per year from
post-partum bleeding and sepsis.
Over 100,000 women die in India of pregnancy related
causes every year. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in
India was 407 per 100,000 live births in 1998). The
major causes of these deaths have been identified as
hemorrhage (both ante and post partum), anemia, toxemia,
obstructed labor, puerperal sepsis (infections after
delivery) and unsafe abortion. State wise Maternal
Mortality Ratio (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and
under 5 Mortality Rate in India is given in the
Table 1.2 Due to some major initiatives taken by the
Govt. under Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)
programme there is some improvement in this sector,
which is depicted in the Table 2.3
Un Initiative
In 2002, International communities under the leadership
of United Nations pledged to “spare no effort to free
our fellow men, women and children from the abject and
dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty.” They set up
8 goals for over all development, they encompass
universally accepted human values and rights such as
freedom from hunger, the right to basic education, the
right to health and a responsibility to future
generations and set up 2015 as the target date. This
programme includes 190 countries having 10 regions.
The eight goals are:
Goal-1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
(TARGET: Between 1990 and 2015, reduce by half, the
proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day)
Goal-2: Achieve universal primary education
(TARGET: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys
and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course
of primary schooling)
Goal-3: Promote gender equity and empower women
(TARGET: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and
secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all
levels of education no later than 2015)
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